SDET Blueprint

  There are some unique terms in software testing. Such as: Defect Clustering, Pesticide Paradox, Absence of Error Fallacy, Defect Cascading and more. So, Let's study about the concepts. 🧠 Advanced Testing Principles & Fallacies 🧩 Term 📘 Description Defect Clustering Most defects are found in a small number of modules (Pareto Principle). Pesticide Paradox Repeating the same tests will no longer find new bugs—tests must evolve. Absence of Error Fallacy A bug-free system may still fail if it doesn’t meet user needs. Defect Cascading One defect triggers others in dependent modules, causing a chain reaction. Confirmation Bias in Testing Tendency to write tests that confirm the system works, not that it fails. Test Oracle Problem Difficulty in determining the correct expected outcome for a test. ...

  🧪  1–5: Quality & Risk Management How would you handle a situation where you discover a critical bug just before a major release? I would immediately assess the severity and impact of the bug, document it thoroughly, and escalate it to the product owner and release manager. I’d facilitate a quick risk analysis meeting with stakeholders to decide whether to delay the release, deploy a workaround, or proceed with a known issue. My priority is always user trust and product stability.  How would you handle testing a feature with vague or incomplete requirements? I’d initiate a clarification session with the product owner or BA. Meanwhile, I’d use exploratory testing to uncover edge cases and document assumptions. I’d also maintain a list of open questions and update test cases as clarity improves. How would you handle a scenario where a developer insists a bug is not valid, but you beli...

  Here’s the key difference between “In Scope” and “Out of Scope” when writing a test plan—or any project plan: 🔍 In Scope This defines what the team will work on or test . It includes: Features to be tested (e.g., login, checkout) Supported platforms (e.g., mobile, desktop) Types of testing (e.g., functional, security, UI) Expected deliverables Think of it as the “YES” list—things you’re promising to cover. 🚫 Out of Scope This outlines what the team won’t work on or test , either because: It’s not relevant to current goals It’s being handled by another team It might be deferred to a future phase Scope Clarification ✅ In Scope The following items are included in the testing efforts: User functionalities such as registration, login, product search, and checkout Payment gateways : testing with credit/debit cards and digital wallets Notifications via email and SMS ...

ShopNest eCommerce Test Plan 1. Overview This test plan defines the testing strategy and scope for ShopNest, an eCommerce platform offering apparel, electronics, and home goods. It aims to ensure a reliable, secure, and user-friendly experience across web and mobile platforms. 2. Scope of Testing In Scope : User registration and login (email, social login) Product browsing and search Cart and wishlist functionality Checkout process (guest and registered) Payments (credit/debit cards, mobile wallets) Order management (tracking, returns) Notifications (email/SMS) Admin dashboard Out of Scope : Legacy browser compatibility (e.g., IE11) Internal system analytics  3. Objectives Validate all core workflows, from product discovery to payment Ensure system stability under concurrent users Check for security vulnerabilities (SQL injection, XSS) Confirm compatibility across de...

  Levels of Priority with Examples Critical Priority These are non-negotiable tests —if these fail, the whole system or application may be unusable or face severe consequences. Example: In a hospital management system, a test case that verifies the emergency patient's data is correctly saved and retrievable is critical. Failure could directly impact patient safety. High Priority These test essential features required for primary business operations. Example: In an e-commerce site, processing a payment or placing an order is high priority—customers can't use the system effectively without it. Medium Priority These relate to important but non-essential functionality. Example: In the same e-commerce platform, applying a coupon code is useful, but users can still complete purchases without it. Low Priority These test optional or cosmetic features. Example: Animations or t...

  Every software team uses the words “error,” “defect,” and “bug,” often interchangeably. But there’s real power in knowing exactly what each term means—and when it applies   1. Mistakes by Phase Phase What You Find What It’s Called Requirements & Design A mistake in the design or plan that doesn’t meet what stakeholders want. Defect Coding A coding or logic mistake in source code Error Testing & Execution An observable malfunction occurring during software execution or testing. Bug  🐞 1.1 Defect A defect is any flaw or mismatch in your requirements or design artifacts. It exists before any code runs. Example: You document “Users must enter a 4-digit PIN,” but stakeholders actually needed 6 digits. That spec mismatch is a defect . 1.2 Error An error is a mistake made while coding —a typo, wrong opera...

  Working with key-value pairs is a core part of Java programming, and the Map interface is often your best friend when organizing that kind of data. But how do you loop through it efficiently? In this post, we'll walk through multiple ways to iterate over a Map using a for-each loop—and when you might want to use each approach. 🧩 What Is a Map in Java? A Map<K, V> in Java is a collection that maps keys to values. It's commonly implemented via HashMap , TreeMap , or LinkedHashMap . Here’s a basic example: Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("Name", "Md."); map.put("Role", "Developer"); Now let’s explore ways to loop through this map. 1️⃣ Using entrySet() – The Most Efficient Way for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) { System.out.println("Key: " + entry.getKey() + ", Value: " + entry.getValue()); } ✅ When to use: When you need both keys and ...