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Test Data Design Techniques with Examples

  ✅ 1. Equivalence Partitioning (EP) What it is: Divides input data into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. The idea is that if one value in a partition works, all others will too. Example: If a form accepts ages from 18 to 60: Valid partitions: 18–60 Invalid partitions: <18 and >60 Test cases: One value from each partition: 25 (valid), 17 (invalid), 61 (invalid) When to use: When input data can be grouped into ranges or categories. ✅ 2. Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) What it is: Focuses on values at the edges (boundaries) of input ranges, where defects are most likely to occur. Example: For an input field that accepts values from 1 to 100: Test boundaries: 0, 1, 2 and 99, 100, 101 Test cases: 0 (just below), 1 (lower boundary), 2 (just above) 99 (just below), 100 (upper boundary), 101 (just above) When to use: When input fields have defined minimum and maximu...