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What Is Exploratory Testing?

  Exploratory testing is a simultaneous process of learning, test design, and execution . Unlike scripted testing, it doesn’t rely on predefined test cases. Instead, testers use their intuition, domain knowledge, and creativity to uncover defects by actively exploring the application. It’s like being a detective in the software—following clues, testing hypotheses, and adapting your strategy in real time. 🕰️ When Should You Use It? Exploratory testing is ideal when: ✅ Requirements are incomplete or evolving ✅ Time is limited for formal test case creation ✅ You need to test usability, edge cases, or real-world user behavior ✅ You want to complement automated or scripted testing with human insight Especially useful in Agile environments , early-stage prototypes , or field tools where user behavior is unpredictable. 🎯 Why Should You Use It? Uncovers hidden bugs missed by scripted tests Simulates real user b...
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What Is a Feature Flag?

  A feature flag (also known as a feature toggle) is a powerful software development technique that allows developers to enable or disable specific functionality in an application without changing the code or redeploying the software. 🧠 Core Concept Feature flags act like switches embedded in your codebase. They control whether a feature is active or inactive at runtime. This lets teams test, release, or hide features dynamically. 🚀 Benefits Safe Deployments : Deploy code with features turned off, then activate them when ready. A/B Testing : Roll out features to a subset of users to gather feedback. Quick Rollbacks : If something breaks, just flip the flag off—no need to revert code. Continuous Delivery : Decouple feature releases from code deployments for smoother CI/CD pipelines. User Segmentation : Tailor experiences for different user groups. 🧩 Types of Feature Flags Type...

Database Testing

  🧠 What is Database Testing? Database Testing is a type of software testing that focuses on validating the data integrity, accuracy, consistency, and performance of a database. It ensures that: Data is stored and retrieved correctly. CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) work as expected. Business rules and constraints are enforced. The database performs well under load. It typically involves: Schema Testing (tables, keys, indexes) Data Validation (correctness of stored data) Stored Procedure & Trigger Testing Performance Testing (query response time, indexing) Security Testing (SQL injection, access control) 🛒 Real-Life Example 1: E-Commerce Platform During Holiday Sale Scenario: An e-commerce site like Amazon or Daraz experiences a surge in traffic during Black Friday. Database Testing Focus: Load Testing: Simulate thousands of concurrent users adding items to c...

Test Data Design Techniques with Examples

  ✅ 1. Equivalence Partitioning (EP) What it is: Divides input data into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. The idea is that if one value in a partition works, all others will too. Example: If a form accepts ages from 18 to 60: Valid partitions: 18–60 Invalid partitions: <18 and >60 Test cases: One value from each partition: 25 (valid), 17 (invalid), 61 (invalid) When to use: When input data can be grouped into ranges or categories. ✅ 2. Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) What it is: Focuses on values at the edges (boundaries) of input ranges, where defects are most likely to occur. Example: For an input field that accepts values from 1 to 100: Test boundaries: 0, 1, 2 and 99, 100, 101 Test cases: 0 (just below), 1 (lower boundary), 2 (just above) 99 (just below), 100 (upper boundary), 101 (just above) When to use: When input fields have defined minimum and maximu...

Performance Testing, Load Testing, Stress Testing, Volume Testing

  🚀 Performance Testing Performance Testing is a type of non-functional testing that evaluates the speed, stability, scalability, and responsiveness of a software application under a specific workload. 🔹 Goals: Identify bottlenecks Ensure the system meets performance benchmarks Validate response time, throughput, and resource usage Example: Testing how fast a banking app processes 10,000 concurrent transactions. 👥 Load Testing Load Testing is a subset of performance testing that checks how a system behaves under expected or peak user loads . It simulates multiple users accessing the system simultaneously. 🔹 Purpose: Validate system performance under normal and high traffic Identify scalability limits and response delays Example: Simulating 5,000 users shopping during a flash sale on an e-commerce site. 💥 Stress Testing Stress Testing evaluates the system’s robustness and stability by pushing it...

What is Agile Testing?

Agile Testing is a software testing practice that follows the principles of Agile software development . Unlike traditional testing (which happens after development), Agile Testing is continuous, collaborative, and iterative —it happens alongside development in short cycles called sprints . 🔑 Key Characteristics: Continuous Testing: Testing starts from day one and continues throughout the project. Collaborative: Testers, developers, and product owners work closely together. Customer-Focused: Testing ensures the product meets real user needs , not just technical specs. Flexible & Adaptive: Test plans evolve as the product and requirements change. Shift-Left Approach: Testing is done early and often to catch issues sooner. 🧩 Agile Testing Life Cycle (Simplified) Impact Assessment: Understand user stories and acceptance criteria. Test Planning: Define what to test in the sprint. Daily St...

Purpose of Software Quality Assurance (SQA)

 The purpose of Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is to ensure that the software being developed meets the required quality standards, is free of critical defects, and performs reliably and securely in real-world conditions. It is a proactive, process-oriented discipline that works in parallel with software development to prevent issues before they occur. 🎯 Primary Purposes of SQA 1. Ensure Software Quality Verifies that the product meets functional and non-functional requirements . Ensures reliability, usability, performance, and security . 2. Prevent Defects Early Focuses on process improvement to catch issues before they become costly bugs. Encourages early reviews, audits, and static analysis . 3. Ensure Compliance with Standards Enforces adherence to industry standards like ISO, IEEE, or CMMI. Ensures that coding practices, documentation, and testing follow best practices. 4. Reduce Cost and Tim...